您現在的位置是:首頁 > 音樂首頁音樂

英語的母音分類(雙語)

由 七公子Lee 發表于 音樂2021-06-23
簡介咽部肌肉緊張狀態詳細介紹:1)The state of the velum 軟顎狀態 ①口腔母音②鼻腔母音In discussing the classification of English consonants, we mentio

按照發音部位分母音有幾種

英語中有48個因素,按照發音時氣流是否受阻,分為母音音素和子音因素兩大類。其中母音因素有20個,子音因素有28個。音標是記錄因素的符號。目前,我國通用的國際音標共有48個,其中,母音音標20個,子音音標28個。

Vowel sounds are differentiated by a number of factors:

母音的發音是由一些因素區分的:

(1)The state of the velum;軟顎狀態

(2) The position of the tongue;舌頭的位置

(3)The openness of the mouth;開口度

(4)The shape of the lips;唇形

(5)The length of the vowels;母音的長短

(6) The tension of the muscles at pharynx。 咽部肌肉緊張狀態

詳細介紹:

1)The state of the velum 軟顎狀態 ①口腔母音②鼻腔母音

In discussing the classification of English consonants, we mentioned the criterion of “the position of the soft palate”, in terms of which consonants can be classified into two categories: oral consonants and nasal consonants。

在討論英語子音的分類時,我們提到了“軟顎位置”的標準,子音可以根據“軟顎位置”進行分類分為兩類:口腔子音和鼻子音。

Similarly, the production of vowels is influenced by the state of the velum as well。

同樣,母音的產生也受到軟顎狀態的影響。

And according to the state of the velum, vowels can be divided into two kinds: oral vowels and nasal vowels。

根據軟顎的狀態,母音可以分為兩類:口腔母音和鼻腔母音。

①口腔母音oral vowels are produced when the soft palate is raised against the back of throat

口腔母音是在軟顎對著喉嚨後部抬高時產生的,

②鼻腔母音while nasal vowels are made when the soft palate is lowered so that the airstream can get into the nasal cavity。

而鼻腔母音是在軟顎降低時產生的,這樣氣流就可以進入鼻腔。

Oral vowels appear before oral consonants or finally in words

口腔母音出現在口腔子音之前,或者出現在單詞的最後。

and nasal vowels occur before nasal consonants。

鼻母音出現在鼻子音之前

Usually, we put a diacritical mark“ ~ ” above the phonetic symbol concerned to indicate the nasality。

For example, [e] in pet is an oral vowel while [e] in pen is a nasal one。

通常我們在音標(語音符號,音符)上方加變音符號“~”,表示鼻音。

例如,pet中的[e]是口腔母音, pen中的[ě]是鼻腔母音。

2)The position of the tongue 舌頭的位置

The tongue position may be described in terms of two dimensions:

舌頭的位置可以從兩個方面來描述:

①the degree of the height to which the tongue is raised when producing a vowel, and

發母音時舌頭抬起的高度,以及

②the part of the tongue which is involved in producing a vowel。

舌頭上發母音的部分。

According to the tongue position, we can divide vowels into high, mid, low, front, central and back vowels as is shown in the following figure:

根據舌頭的位置,我們可以將母音分為高、中、低、前、央、後母音,如下圖所示:

英語的母音分類(雙語)

Specifically speaking, English vowels fall into the following groups in terms of tongue position:

具體來說,英語母音按照舌頭的位置可以分為以下幾類:

①高母音hgh vowels: [i:,i,u:,]

②中母音mid vowels: [e,:,,:]

③低母音low vowels: [E,,,,ɑ]

①前母音front vowels: [i:,i,e,E,,]

②央母音central vowels: [,:]

③後母音back vowels: [u:,,:,,ɑ]

(3) the openness of the mouth 開口度:①閉母音②半閉母音③半開母音④開母音

If we apply another criterion, i。 e。 the openness of the mouth, we can classify vowels into four groups as follows:

如果我們用另一個標準,即嘴的開口度,我們可以把母音分為以下四組

①閉母音 close vowels: [i:],[i],[u:], [u]

②半閉母音 semi-close vowels: [e],[:],[]

③半開母音 semi-open vowel: [E], [:]

④開母音 open vowel: [],[],[], [ɑ]

(4)the shape of lips 唇形 ①圓唇母音②非圓唇母音

If we classify vowels according to the shape of the lips, we have two types of vowels: rounded vowels and unrounded vowels。

如果我們根據嘴唇的形狀來分類母音,我們有兩種型別的母音:圓唇母音和非圓唇母音。

Rounded vowels are all the back vowels except[ɑ]

圓唇母音是除後母音[ɑ]之外的所有後母音。

That is, [u:], [u], [:] and [] are rounded vowels。

也就是說,[u:], [u], [:]和[]是圓唇母音。

①圓唇母音: rounded vowels: [u:], [u], [:],[]

②非圓唇母音:unrounded vowels包括所有前母音 [i:,i,e,E,,] 所有央母音 [,:] 和後母音[ɑ]

(5)the length of vowels 母音的長短 ①長母音②短母音

The criterion of the length of the vowels can be used to distinguish between long vowels (those marked with a colon [:]) and short vowels。 母音的長度標準可以用來區分長母音(用冒號[:]標記的)和短母音。

For instance, [i:] is a long vowel while [i] is a short one。

例如,[i:]是一個長母音,而[i]是一個短母音。

①長母音long vowels: [ɑ], [:], [:], [i:], [u:]

②短母音shorrt vowels: [],[],[e], [], [] , [i], [u]

(6) the tension of the muscles at pharynx(咽) 咽部肌肉緊張狀態 ①緊母音②鬆母音

Corresponding to the distinction of long and short vowels is the distinction of tense vowels and lax vowels。

與 長母音和短母音的區別 相對應的是 緊母音和鬆母音的區別。

All the long vowels are tense vowels but of the short vowels, [e] is a tense vowel as well, and the rest short vowels are lax vowels。

所有的長母音都是緊母音,但短母音中[e]也是緊母音,其餘的短母音都是鬆母音。

When we pronounce a long vowel, the larynx is in a state of tension,

當我們發一個長母音時,喉頭處於一個緊張狀態,

and in the pronunciation of a short vowel (except [e]), the larynx is quite relaxed。

而發一個短母音時(除了[e]),喉頭是很放鬆的。

①緊母音 tense vowels:包括所有的長母音[ɑ], [:], [:], [i:], [u:] 和一個短母音[e]

②鬆母音 lax vowels: 包括所有的短母音,除了[e]

注意:

Diphthongs and triphthongs 雙母音和三合母音

The above-discussed vowels are all monophthongs(also called pure vowels、or simple vowels)。

以上討論的母音都是單母音。

In English,there are altogether eight diphthongs(also called complex vowels),

在英語中,一共有8個雙母音(也叫複合母音),

which are produced by moving from one vowel position to another through intervening positions

它們是由一個母音位置透過中間位置滑到另一個母音位置而產生的。

The diphthongs can be further divided into two sub-groups:雙母音可以進一步分為兩類:

中向雙母音centering diphthongs [i], [e] , []

合口雙母音closing diphthongs [ei], [ai], [], [] , [au]

Triphthongs are those which are produced by moving from one vowel position to another and then rapidly and continuously to a third one。 三合母音是那些是由從一個母音滑到到另一個母音位置,然後迅速而持續地給第三個母音。

They include the following: [ei], [ai], [], [] , [au]

英語的母音分類(雙語)